Recently a poker card was taken from a major casino where suspected cheating was going on. The card was determined to be synthesized in such a way that a card could be switched from one face value to another using high tech equipment. This card was chosen at random so the other cards in play were capable of this as well.

Casino technology development companies have patented this idea for several years. Now proof has been discovered that they are actually in play.


Bally Technology - Articles & Methods to facilitate the delivery of Playing Cards. Patent # 11480345

I'll just post a piece from the patent here:

"In still other embodiments, the playing card media may take the form of existing playing cards, from which the playing card value markings will be erased, prior to being reformed or otherwise generated. In some embodiments, the playing card media may take the form of a fiber based media, for example card stock, vellum, or polymer based media. In some embodiments, the playing card media takes the form of an active media, for example a form of electronic or "e-paper", smart paper, and/or ink code, which allows the formation and erasure of markings via electrical, magnetic, or electromagnetic radiation.

Smart paper is a product developed by Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, of Palo Alto, Calif. The smart paper consists of a flexible polymer containing millions of small balls and electronic circuitry. Each ball has a portion of a first color and a portion of a second color, each portion having an opposite charge from the other portion. Applying a charge causes the balls to rotate within the polymer structure, to display either the first or the second color. Charges can be selectively applied to form different ones or groups of the balls to from the respective markings 154-160 on the playing cards 108. The markings 154-160 remain visible until another charge is applied. Alternatively, the playing card handling system 120c can be adapted to employ color-changing inks such as thermochromatic inks (e.g., liquid crystal, leucodyes) which change color in response to temperature fluctuations, and photochromatic inks that respond to variations in UV light"

A patent that uses a random number generator to deliver physical playing cards, HMMMM

The card found was synthesized using a type of bichromal molecules such as chiral nematic liquid crystal molecules & made into thin film dye layers which are transparent or invisible until a certain wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is aborbed by the card. This happens in femoseconds as soon as the card is exposed to light.




Another patent used to deliver playing cards by photoswithing

This is part of the patent from Playing card supply method, John Marlow
the earner members may be treated with a light sensitive matenal which for example may be applied as a coating to or on the camer
25 members and the indicia may be displayed on the carrier members by subjecting the light sensitive material to light of a particular pattern or having certain characteristics which enable the indicia to be displayed on the light sensitive material Thus the light sensitive matenal may comprise a photochromatic ink or coating such that the indicia can be displayed when exposed to a light pattern contsponding to an indicia Alternatively, the
30 light sensitive material may respond to a particular light polarization to display particular card indicia In yet an alternative arrangement, the light sensitiv e material may be sensitive to light of a particular frequency or frequencies
The image fanned by the exposure of the light sensitive material to light may only appear for a certain period of time such that when rc-cxposed to a different light pattern, a Q new image showing a new indicia is apparent on the carrier members Alternatively, the
CS image may be removed by exposing the light sensitive material to light of an alternative fl fl frequency, polarization or the like
^J In a further form, the light sensitive material may be replaced by a magnetically
5 sensitive matenal which w hen subject to a magnetic field ot a particular pattern will
<->vj- display indicia corresponding to that pattern Re-exposure of the magnetically sensitive
00 material to a magnetic field of a different pattern corresponding to different indicia will in
CN)
O effect "remove" the first card indicia and display the different card indicia


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In before televised poker is as fake and dramatic as televised wrestling. Anyone remember Daniel Negreanu calling out his two running cards? Maybe he was trying to warn us!

At a casino though...would they have a prop player hired by the casino winning the money or something?

The main principle of the development of such light-controllable liquid crystal is based on the synthesis of photochromic copolymers whose macromolecules consist of mesogenic (as a rule, nematogenic) and combined phototunable chiral dopant (PTCD) groups, which are chemically linked in the common monomer unit. In this case, mesogenic fragments are responsible for the formation of the nematic phase, chiral groups provide the twisting of the nematic phase and formation of helical supramolecular structure. Finally, photo-tunable chiral dopant fragments can easily change their molecular structure under the light irradiation.
The irradiation with a certain wavelength leads to the photo-induced transformations of the photo-tunable chiral dopant affecting both the configuration and shape of the sidechain group. This leads to a decrease both in the anisotropy of photo-tunable chiral dopant group and the helical twisting power of a given chiral group. A decrease in helical twisting power leads to the untwisting of the cholesteric helix, which is accompanied by a shift in the selective light reflection maximum to longer wavelengths. Thus, using light irradiation as the external control factor, one may effectively modify the optical properties of polymer films by changing the local supramolecular helical structure.
As noted above, selective adjustment of the pitch length of a liquid crystal, and hence the color reflected thereby, can be accomplished by using photo-tunable chiral dopants (PTCDs). Irradiation of a photo-tunable chiral dopant with, for example, ultra violet (LTV) light or other high energy source such as laser, results in conversion of chiral phototunable chiral dopant to an achiral molecule or to a racemic mixture. When one or more photo-tunable chiral dopants are included in a chiral nematic liquid crystal material, the pitch length of the resulting liquid crystal mixture can be either extended or shortened by varying exposures to UV light. By irradiating different regions of the material with different amounts of UV through the use of masking techniques, the pitch lengths of each region can be tuned to reflect a different color, thereby creating different colored pixels or regions of spot color in the liquid crystal material itself.

If anyone is interested I would like some help to find out if there is a link here. The first patent listed above from Bally Technologies, Bellevue Washington was originally given to ARL inc. I can't find any link to ARL inc. other than ARMY RESEARCH LAB. Here is a link I found, Nano tech & metamaterials. Its being held in Bellevue Washington. It seems like DARPA may have had a project to develop these cards.

http://www.usasymposium.com/nano/sponsor.htm